Distance in time between transition economies and the European Union

The time distance methodology used offers a new perspective to the problem, an additional statistical measure, and a presentation tool for policy analysis and debate readily understood by policy makers, media and general public. Disparity between the analysed transition economies and EU countries is considerably smaller for other indicators than for GDP per capita. Compared with Ireland, Portugal and Greece Slovenia was in 1995 in 13 cases behind (but time lag of Slovenia never exceeded 10 years) and in 13 cases ahead of them. Sicherl (1997a) discusses application of S-distance to time series regressions, models, forecasting and monitoring. First version received: October 1995/final version received: April 1998     

排球中的物理问题:有目的的扣球

排球教练向作者提出了一个排球中的物理问题:“运动员应跳多高去扣球才能使球过网并落在对方场地预想的区域内?”作者在本文中应用抛物体的运动公式及有关的力学知识推导证明这个问题,并获得了当球落在对方场地的预想区域时,运动员跳起扣球的高度公式.     

Cross‐sectional Tests of Conditional Asset Pricing Models: Evidence from the German Stock Market

We study the performance of conditional asset pricing models and multifactor models in explaining the German cross‐section of stock returns. We focus on several variables, which (according to previous research) are associated with market expectations on future market excess returns or business cycle conditions. Our results suggest that the empirical performance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be improved when allowing for time‐varying parameters of the stochastic discount factor. A conditional CAPM using the term spread explains the returns on our size and book‐to‐market sorted portfolios about as well as the Fama‐French three‐factor model and performs best in terms of the Hansen‐Jagannathan distance. Structural break tests do not necessarily indicate parameter instability of conditional model specifications. Another major finding of the paper is that the Fama‐French model – despite its generally good cross‐sectional performance – is subject to model instability. Unconditional models, however, do a better job than conditional ones at capturing time‐series predictability of the test portfolio returns.     

埋弧焊在长输管线现场应用的可行性分析

埋弧焊在管线钢工厂生产焊接中取得了很好的应用效果,若把这种焊接工艺引进到长输管线施工现场,将完全打破传统的根焊+热焊+多遍填充+盖面焊的焊接模式,将极大的提高现场施工速度。本文根据埋弧焊原理及特点,通过分析管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头性能,结合长输管线现场施工特点,探讨了管线钢在现场应用的可行性,并提出了埋弧焊在长输管线现场施工中的应用模式。     

文化距离对我国企业国际化空间导向的影响——以纺织企业为例

既有的研究表明，文化距离是企业国际化过程中的重要因素。本文以我国纺织企业为例，对文化距离与我国企业国际化空间导向的相关性进行了度量。研究结论是，文化距离是我国企业国际化空间导向的重要维度，但由于我国企业有其自身的特点，因而影响方式和程度与其他国家有所区别。     

Estimating persistent and transient technical efficiency and their determinants in the presence of heterogeneity and endogeneity

We develop an estimation procedure that generates consistent estimates of the technology parameters, long-run (persistent) and short-run (transient) technical inefficiencies and the marginal effects of their determinants for the stochastic frontier model developed by Colombi et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 42, 123) and Kumbhakar et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 41, 321). Our approach accounts for three sources of potential endogeneity: (i) unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) simultaneity of input use with both types of technical efficiency; (iii) potential correlation of the noise term with the regressors. Using this approach we examine the effect of direct payments and farm size on the persistent and transient technical efficiency of French crop farms before and after the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy decoupling reform of 2003. Our results show that subsidy payments per hectare of utilised agricultural land had a significant positive effect on persistent technical efficiency and a significant negative effect on transient technical efficiency during the period before decoupling. For the period after the reform, the effect of subsidies is found to be significantly negative for persistent technical efficiency and insignificant for transient technical efficiency. The overall effect of subsidies on technical efficiency is found to be negative in both periods, albeit substantially lower in the period after decoupling. The effect of farm size on technical efficiency is found to be significant only for the period prior to the reform: it reduced persistent technical inefficiency but increased transient technical inefficiency during that period.     

Sources of productivity growth on Finnish dairy farms—application of an input distance function

The objective is to examine sources of productivity change on Finnish dairy farms in the 1990s. The decomposition of productivity change into technical and technical efficiency change is widely recognized but it neglects the scale effect. Generalized decompositions incorporating all three components are calculated for a sample of Finnish dairy farms from 1989-2000. This period is of interest because of the drastic change in agricultural policy when Finland joined the European Union (EU) in 1995. The results indicate that productivity growth was on average low, approximately 0.15% per year. Neutral technical change was identified as the most important source of productivity growth (1.1%). Technical efficiency decreased by almost 0.5% annually. The contribution of the scale effect in productivity change increased towards the end of study period.     

社会距离对大学生道德判断的影响

目的：基于解释水平理论,探讨社会距离是否影响大学生的道德判断,为高校对学生进行道德教育和人格塑造提供心理学依据。方法：采用内隐联想测验（Implicit Association Test,IAT）研究范式,随机抽取63名宁夏大学本科生进行实验。结果：被试在相容任务下的平均反应时显著短于在不相容任务下的平均反应时（t=-4.192,df=59,P〈0.001）;女生在相容任务下的平均反应时显著短于男生在相容任务下的平均反应时（F（1,58）=10.27,P〈0.05）,男女生的IAT效应值存在显著性差异（t=-2.286,df=58,P〈0.05）。结论：大学生的道德判断受到社会距离的影响。大学生倾向于将积极道德词与熟人联结,而将消极道德词与陌生人联结。此外,社会距离对大学生道德判断的影响存在性别差异。     

为爱需要走多远?——依据北京近年数据对通婚距离变动情况的估算和分析

基于北京2004-2012年的婚姻登记数据并参照最新的铁路里程信息,对近年初婚夫妇的通婚距离(以两地之间的最短铁路里程计)及其变动情况进行测算和分析。2004年以来在北京登记的跨地域通婚夫妇的比重大致在50%上下波动,但平均通婚距离,不论是京外人口(包括迁移人口和流动人口)的个体迁移里程,还是跨地域通婚夫妇的原籍之间的距离,以及京外且原籍不同夫妇的三地间的"探亲"距离,都在时序上表现出了逐渐缩短的趋势,2010和2011年左右的变化尤为显著。     

Institutional distance among country influences and environmental performance standardization in multinational enterprises

This research compares and contrasts the findings in Aguilera-Caracuel et al. (2013) with the outcomes of applying fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) — a methodological strategy that gathers quantitative and qualitative information to explain complexity at the case level and generality across cases. Using the same sample of 128 multinational enterprises (MNEs) with headquarters and subsidiaries based in the USA, Canada, France, and Spain, we identify a set of relevant configurations of causes and conditions to explain environmental performance standardization. By avoiding separate treatments for each variable, which is typical in multiple regression analysis (MRA), we overcome prior limitations and propose a new way of understanding this phenomenon. In summary, our results significantly reinforce and complement the previous results.